{ "id": "canine-skin-measurement-evidence-atlas", "title": "Canine skin measurement evidence atlas", "version": "1.1.0", "reviewedDate": "2026-08-27", "publisher": "Cori Dog", "licence": null, "nonPoolingBoundary": { "synthesisType": "structured evidence atlas", "pooledEstimateAllowed": false, "statement": "Do not pool these rows or convert them into one canine normal range. They represent different endpoints, evidence units, populations, anatomical sites, instruments and experimental conditions.", "reasons": [ "Skin surface pH, TEWL, hydration and diluted product pH are different measurements.", "The Schlake rows contain bilateral site measurements rather than independent dog-level observations.", "The Shimada rows come from deliberate acute tape-stripping and are not normal or clinical reference values.", "The Peña-Corona rows measure diluted commercial products, not dogs or skin.", "The Kwon full-text record and the Oh, Cobiella and Lau-Gillard authoritative abstracts are retained as study-level context without a normalized comparable numeric table." ] }, "studies": [ { "studyId": "schlake-2022", "citation": "Schlake A, Devriendt N, Talloen L, Dadi TB, de Rooster H. 2022.", "title": "Influence of age, sex, body condition score, rectal temperature, anatomical location and hair on skin pH in dogs", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1111/vde.13011", "sourceUrl": "https://backoffice.biblio.ugent.be/download/8719190/8719192", "sourceAccess": "full-text", "evidenceUnit": "dog-skin", "design": "Prospective observational study of intact skin in healthy dogs.", "population": "77 healthy client-owned dogs from 24 breeds; 27 were younger than 12 weeks, and age data were available for 74 dogs.", "endpoints": [ "skin surface pH" ], "anatomicalSites": [ "bilateral concave pinnae", "bilateral axillary regions", "bilateral inguinal regions" ], "methods": [ "One operator used a Seven2Go S2 with an InLab Surface electrode.", "The device was calibrated with pH 4.01, 7.00 and 9.21 buffers.", "Skin was neither cleaned nor disinfected before measurement, and the electrode was held against the skin until a stable value was obtained." ], "verifiedFindings": [ "Dogs younger than 12 weeks had lower measured pH than older dogs at all three anatomical regions.", "Among dogs older than 12 weeks, inguinal pH was lower than pinna pH (P = 0.008).", "Among dogs older than 12 weeks, females had lower inguinal pH than males (P = 0.043), with no sex difference at the pinnae or axillae.", "Light-haired pinnae had lower pH than dark-haired pinnae (P = 0.040); hair colour did not differ at axillary or inguinal sites, and hair density was not associated with pH at any site.", "The paper reports site- and age-specific medians and observed ranges; these are study observations, not clinical reference intervals." ], "limitations": [ "Some measurements were unavailable because of dense hair, lack of cooperation or failure to obtain a stable reading.", "The sex and hair-colour findings each occurred at one anatomical site; dark hair was sparse, especially at the inguinal region.", "The authors state that some categories may have contained too few observations to assess body condition, temperature, hair characteristics or breed reliably.", "The puppies came from six litters at two breeders." ], "quantitativeDataStatus": "chart-ready-full-text", "poolingAllowed": false }, { "studyId": "kwon-2025", "citation": "Kwon J-S, Bok E-Y, Kim D, Hong C-Y, Choe Y-H, Kim J, et al. 2025.", "title": "Variations in skin biophysical parameters with age, sex and breed in dogs", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1111/vde.13367", "sourceUrl": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12420860/", "sourceAccess": "full-text", "evidenceUnit": "dog-skin", "design": "Observational comparison of inguinal skin measurements across age, sex/neuter-status and breed groups.", "population": "149 dogs without diagnosed skin disease or visible lesions; four age groups and four sex/neuter-status groups, with five named breeds compared.", "endpoints": [ "skin hydration", "skin surface pH", "sebum content" ], "anatomicalSites": [ "inguinal region, selecting areas with the least hair" ], "methods": [ "A Skin-O-Mat measured hydration, pH and sebum; hydration and pH were repeated in the same inguinal area, while sebum was measured in a separate area.", "Measurements were conducted mainly in autumn and spring to reduce seasonal influence." ], "verifiedFindings": [ "Hydration and pH differed across age groups, while sebum did not show a significant age-group difference.", "Beagles had higher hydration and pH than the Maltese and miniature-poodle groups; sebum did not show a significant breed-group difference.", "No significant differences in hydration, pH or sebum were observed between the four sex/neuter-status groups." ], "limitations": [ "Measurements came from one inguinal site, so the study cannot establish anatomical-site differences.", "Living temperature, humidity and bathing frequency were not fully controlled, and most enrolled dogs were neutered.", "The paper contains inconsistent subgroup counts and comparison wording between its abstract, main text and figure captions, so this atlas retains study-level provenance without extracting quantitative rows.", "Five breed groups from one study setting cannot establish universal canine reference intervals." ], "quantitativeDataStatus": "full-text-study-level-only", "poolingAllowed": false }, { "studyId": "oh-oh-2010", "citation": "Oh W-S, Oh T-H. 2010.", "title": "Mapping of the dog skin based on biophysical measurements", "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00841.x", "sourceUrl": "https://research.knu.ac.kr/en/publications/mapping-of-the-dog-skin-based-on-biophysical-measurements/", "sourceAccess": "authoritative-abstract", "evidenceUnit": "dog-skin", "design": "Regional measurements before and after anaesthesia.", "population": "Five healthy male Beagles aged 2–4 years.", "endpoints": [ "transepidermal water loss", "skin hydration", "skin surface pH" ], "anatomicalSites": [ "14 skin regions; the accessible abstract does not enumerate every site" ], "methods": [ "TEWL, hydration and pH were measured at 14 regions before and after anaesthesia.", "Exact instruments and numerical site values are not exposed in the accessible university or publisher abstract." ], "verifiedFindings": [ "TEWL was highest at the footpad and head and lowest at the inguinal region.", "Hydration was higher at the ear, while pH was usually alkaline and highest at the lower back and tail.", "After anaesthesia, TEWL was lower at the head, upper back and footpad; hydration was lower at the upper back and elbow; pH was unaffected." ], "limitations": [ "The sample was limited to five healthy male Beagles aged 2–4 years.", "Only qualitative rankings are available from the authoritative abstract, so no numeric chart rows are extracted." ], "quantitativeDataStatus": "qualitative-abstract-only", "poolingAllowed": false }, { "studyId": "cobiella-2019", "citation": "Cobiella D, Archer L, Bohannon M, Santoro D. 2019.", "title": "Pilot study using five methods to evaluate skin barrier function in healthy dogs and in dogs with atopic dermatitis", "year": 2019, "doi": "10.1111/vde.12723", "sourceUrl": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/vde.12723", "sourceAccess": "authoritative-abstract", "evidenceUnit": "dog-skin", "design": "Pilot repeatability and between-group comparison study.", "population": "15 healthy and 15 atopic privately owned dogs.", "endpoints": [ "skin hydration", "transepidermal water loss", "skin surface pH", "skin absorbance", "erythema" ], "anatomicalSites": [ "inguinal", "axilla", "pinna", "interdigital space" ], "methods": [ "Three investigators each obtained three repeated measurements.", "Devices were a Corneometer, Skin-pH-Meter, Colorimeter and VapoMeter.", "Intra- and interobserver variability and differences between healthy and atopic groups were evaluated." ], "verifiedFindings": [ "The Skin-pH-Meter was the most repeatable device; the VapoMeter had the highest intra- and interobserver variability.", "Atopic dogs had higher pH at inguinal (P = 0.03) and axillary (P = 0.02) sites.", "No group differences were detected with the Corneometer or VapoMeter, or for Colorimeter tartrazine absorption." ], "limitations": [ "The authors identify the work as a pilot study and call for optimisation and confirmation.", "Numerical pH, TEWL and hydration summaries are not available in the authoritative abstract, so no effect size is reconstructed." ], "quantitativeDataStatus": "qualitative-abstract-only", "poolingAllowed": false }, { "studyId": "lau-gillard-2010", "citation": "Lau-Gillard PJ, Hill PB, Chesney CJ, Budleigh C, Immonen A. 2010.", "title": "Evaluation of a hand-held evaporimeter (VapoMeter) for the measurement of transepidermal water loss in healthy dogs", "year": 2010, "doi": "10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00738.x", "sourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19961567/", "sourceAccess": "authoritative-abstract", "evidenceUnit": "dog-skin", "design": "Repeated regional measurements in one short-coated and one long-coated dog, followed by a lateral-thorax comparison in 20 additional dogs.", "population": "One short-coated dog and one long-coated dog for the regional series; 20 further healthy dogs for the lateral-thorax comparison.", "endpoints": [ "transepidermal water loss" ], "anatomicalSites": [ "multiple sites in two individual dogs", "ventral abdomen", "between the shoulders", "right chest wall", "right axilla", "bilateral lateral thorax in 20 additional dogs" ], "methods": [ "TEWL was measured with a hand-held closed-chamber VapoMeter." ], "verifiedFindings": [ "Mean coefficients of variation across repeated regional measurements were 20%–33%.", "The short-coated dog's reported site means ranged from 5.8 g/m²/h at the ventral abdomen to 24.4 g/m²/h between the shoulders.", "The long-coated dog's reported site means ranged from 26.3 g/m²/h at the right chest wall to 51.3 g/m²/h at the right axilla.", "The study found significant site-to-site, day-to-day and dog-to-dog variation; seven of 20 dogs also had significant side-to-side differences." ], "limitations": [ "The regional ranges came from only two individual dogs and are not coat-type reference ranges.", "The authors state that the observed variation could make intervention-related changes difficult to detect reliably.", "Detailed population characteristics, preparation and the complete site table are not available in the authoritative abstract." ], "quantitativeDataStatus": "partial-abstract-only", "poolingAllowed": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "citation": "Shimada K, Yoshihara T, Yamamoto M, et al. 2008.", "title": "Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) Reflects Skin Barrier Function of Dog", "year": 2008, "doi": "10.1292/jvms.70.841", "sourceUrl": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jvms/70/8/70_8_841/_pdf/-char/en", "sourceAccess": "full-text", "evidenceUnit": "dog-skin", "design": "Experimental acute stratum-corneum disruption by repeated tape stripping.", "population": "Ten healthy dogs: eight crossbreeds and two Beagles, aged 7–13 years.", "endpoints": [ "transepidermal water loss", "experimental barrier disruption" ], "anatomicalSites": [ "clipped lumbar skin", "clipped inguinal skin" ], "methods": [ "Dogs acclimatised for at least 30 minutes at 23–25°C and 45%–65% relative humidity.", "Skin was tape stripped 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 times.", "TEWL was measured three times with a closed-chamber CC-01 and reported as mean ± SD." ], "verifiedFindings": [ "Mean TEWL increased as tape-stripping frequency increased at lumbar and inguinal sites.", "The experiment supports TEWL as a measure responsive to deliberately impaired barrier function under its study conditions." ], "limitations": [ "This was deliberately injured skin, not spontaneous disease, normal variation or product exposure.", "The small, older and environmentally controlled population cannot establish a diagnostic threshold or clinical reference interval.", "The inguinal five-strip value is not reported in the article text and remains null in the extracted rows." ], "quantitativeDataStatus": "chart-ready-full-text", "poolingAllowed": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "citation": "Peña-Corona SI, Juárez-Rodríguez I, Vargas-Estrada D, et al. 2022.", "title": "Measurement of the physicochemical, performance, and consumer-information characteristics of commercial nonmedicated shampoo for dogs", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.24425/pjvs.2022.141805", "sourceUrl": "https://journals.pan.pl/Content/123685/PDF/3%20_%20Pena-Corona.pdf", "sourceAccess": "full-text", "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "design": "Laboratory survey of commercial nonmedicated dog shampoos.", "population": "20 commercial nonmedicated shampoos marketed in Mexico City and a surrounding suburban area; no dogs or skin were measured.", "endpoints": [ "diluted product pH", "viscosity", "relative density", "performance and label characteristics" ], "anatomicalSites": [], "methods": [ "Product pH was measured in a 1:10 dilution with double-distilled water at pH 7 and 25°C ± 2°C.", "A Mettler Toledo potentiometer was calibrated at pH 4.01, 7.00 and 12; three measurements were made per product." ], "verifiedFindings": [ "The 20 individual product pH values ranged from 5.6 to 8.4.", "These are diluted formula measurements, not canine skin measurements or product-tolerance outcomes." ], "limitations": [ "This was a local commercial sample evaluated with laboratory methods adapted from human-product requirements.", "A diluted product pH cannot predict an individual dog's skin response or establish a universal shampoo target.", "The paper's stated subgroup boundaries, membership list and table markings are internally inconsistent; the extracted dataset therefore retains only the individual values and overall range." ], "quantitativeDataStatus": "chart-ready-full-text", "poolingAllowed": false } ], "tables": { "observedSkinPh": [ { "studyId": "schlake-2022", "endpoint": "skin-surface-ph", "ageGroup": "under-12-weeks", "ageLabel": "<12 weeks", "site": "pinna", "median": 4.94, "observedMinimum": 4.34, "observedMaximum": 5.7, "measurementCount": 54, "observationUnit": "bilateral site measurements", "valueUnit": "pH", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "schlake-2022", "endpoint": "skin-surface-ph", "ageGroup": "under-12-weeks", "ageLabel": "<12 weeks", "site": "axilla", "median": 4.94, "observedMinimum": 4.31, "observedMaximum": 5.43, "measurementCount": 54, "observationUnit": "bilateral site measurements", "valueUnit": "pH", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "schlake-2022", "endpoint": "skin-surface-ph", "ageGroup": "under-12-weeks", "ageLabel": "<12 weeks", "site": "inguinal", "median": 4.94, "observedMinimum": 3.97, "observedMaximum": 5.36, "measurementCount": 54, "observationUnit": "bilateral site measurements", "valueUnit": "pH", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "schlake-2022", "endpoint": "skin-surface-ph", "ageGroup": "over-12-weeks", "ageLabel": ">12 weeks", "site": "pinna", "median": 6.22, "observedMinimum": 4.93, "observedMaximum": 8.18, "measurementCount": 98, "observationUnit": "bilateral site measurements", "valueUnit": "pH", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "schlake-2022", "endpoint": "skin-surface-ph", "ageGroup": "over-12-weeks", "ageLabel": ">12 weeks", "site": "axilla", "median": 6.14, "observedMinimum": 4.95, "observedMaximum": 8.06, "measurementCount": 97, "observationUnit": "bilateral site measurements", "valueUnit": "pH", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "schlake-2022", "endpoint": "skin-surface-ph", "ageGroup": "over-12-weeks", "ageLabel": ">12 weeks", "site": "inguinal", "median": 6.12, "observedMinimum": 4.4, "observedMaximum": 8.18, "measurementCount": 99, "observationUnit": "bilateral site measurements", "valueUnit": "pH", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false } ], "experimentalTewl": [ { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "lumbar", "tapeStripCount": 0, "mean": 20.59, "standardDeviation": 5.51, "valueStatus": "reported", "missingReason": null, "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "lumbar", "tapeStripCount": 5, "mean": 28.17, "standardDeviation": 7.47, "valueStatus": "reported", "missingReason": null, "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "lumbar", "tapeStripCount": 10, "mean": 44.87, "standardDeviation": 24.02, "valueStatus": "reported", "missingReason": null, "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "lumbar", "tapeStripCount": 15, "mean": 66.61, "standardDeviation": 24.94, "valueStatus": "reported", "missingReason": null, "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "lumbar", "tapeStripCount": 20, "mean": 87.58, "standardDeviation": 30.59, "valueStatus": "reported", "missingReason": null, "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "inguinal", "tapeStripCount": 0, "mean": 20.17, "standardDeviation": 3.6, "valueStatus": "reported", "missingReason": null, "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "inguinal", "tapeStripCount": 5, "mean": null, "standardDeviation": null, "valueStatus": "not-reported-in-article-text", "missingReason": "The inguinal five-strip value is not reported in the article text.", "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "inguinal", "tapeStripCount": 10, "mean": 33.37, "standardDeviation": 8.53, "valueStatus": "reported", "missingReason": null, "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "inguinal", "tapeStripCount": 15, "mean": 63.94, "standardDeviation": 19.78, "valueStatus": "reported", "missingReason": null, "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false }, { "studyId": "shimada-2008", "endpoint": "experimental-tewl", "site": "inguinal", "tapeStripCount": 20, "mean": 129.05, "standardDeviation": 64.11, "valueStatus": "reported", "missingReason": null, "studyPopulationSize": 10, "valueUnit": "g/m²/h", "experimentalModel": "acute tape-stripping", "isClinicalReferenceInterval": false } ], "dilutedCommercialProductPh": [ { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 1, "pH": 5.6, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 2, "pH": 6, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 3, "pH": 6.8, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 4, "pH": 7.1, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 5, "pH": 7, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 6, "pH": 7.8, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 7, "pH": 7.9, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 8, "pH": 7, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 9, "pH": 7.5, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 10, "pH": 7.1, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 11, "pH": 7, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 12, "pH": 7.6, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 13, "pH": 7, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 14, "pH": 7.2, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 15, "pH": 7.6, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 16, "pH": 8.1, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 17, "pH": 8.2, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 18, "pH": 8.2, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 19, "pH": 8.3, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false }, { "studyId": "pena-corona-2022", "endpoint": "diluted-product-ph", "productId": 20, "pH": 8.4, "dilution": "1:10 with double-distilled water at pH 7", "nominalTemperatureCelsius": 25, "temperatureToleranceCelsius": 2, "replicateCount": 3, "evidenceUnit": "commercial-product", "isSkinMeasurement": false } ] } }